普通外科医师如何识别和紧急救治肺动脉栓塞

肺动脉栓塞(PE)在普通外科病人中并不少见。普通外科医师有必要掌握诊断和治疗的基本知识,提高及时识别PE能力。在紧急抢救时,早期处理和快速启动会诊系统非常重要。发现病人存在PE的可疑临床表现和体征时,监测血D-二聚体,如果阳性启动Wells评分,当评分≥2分时,进行相关确诊检查。高度疑诊和确诊的高危PE的紧急救治需要区别对待,前者难度和风险更大,需要多学科团队的快速联合干预。     

普外科专业研究生临床技能和科研能力的思考

医学研究生的教育是培养高层次卫生人才的主要途径之一。我国目前医学研究生学位类型分为两种:"医学科学学位"和"医学专业学位"。普外科专业研究生的培养目标是培养出专业技能过硬和具有科研素质和创新精神的普外科医生。通过分析学校普外科专业研究生培养过程中影响临床技能和科研素养提升的因素,探讨促进两者均衡发展的有效方法以及今后普外科专业研究生的培养方向,制定多元化专业理论与技能培养计划、充分利用导师的直接指导及现代网络信息化办公教学,搭建科研平台积极鼓励普通外科专业研究生参与科研,努力提高普通外科专业研究生临床技能及科研创新思维水平。     

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with paravertebral block anesthesia or general anesthesia: A propensity matched case–control study

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost of paravertebral block anesthesia for ureteral stones patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy.MethodsFour hundred and eighty-two patients who underwent ureteroscopy for unilateral ureteral stones were incorporated into our retrospective study. A propensity-matched comparison in patients with paravertebral nerve block anesthesia (PVB) group and general anesthesia (GA) group was performed. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, operative time, visual analog scale for pain, stone-free rate, anesthetic cost and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.ResultsSixty-one GA cases were propensity matched to 61 PVB cases. In the PVB group, all the procedures were completed successfully without anesthesia conversion. Significantly less intraoperative severe hypotensive (P = 0.002) and arrhythmia (P < 0.001) episodes in PVB group. There were no significant differences in operative time (p = 0.702), initial stone-free rate (p = 0.686), and total stone-free rate (p = 0.794) between the two groups. The PVB group had lower postoperative pain and prolonged analgesia (p = 0.007). The postoperative hospital stay in the PVB group was significantly shorter (3.20 ± 0.73 vs 3.84 ± 1.32 d, p = 0.001). And the cost of anesthesia was lower in the PVB group (195.47 ± 13.01 vs 396.31 ± 36.45 US dollars, p < 0.001).ConclusionUnder PVB anesthesia, URS can be successfully completed without anesthetic transformation, and its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated. When economic aspects are taken into consideration, PVB seems to be a more economical and effective anesthetic method of URS.     

上海市基层全科医生慢性咳嗽知晓度认知现状的调查分析

目的调查上海市基层全科医生对慢性咳嗽相关知识的知晓情况。方法2019年6月至2019年8月采用网上问卷对上海16个区的基层全科医生(1282名)进行调查,并进行描述性分析与分层分析。结果43.45%的医生学习过2015版咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南,40.48%的医生参加过慢性咳嗽诊治课程。慢性咳嗽诊断标准全部回答正确占26.52%,在全部五个常见病因中,嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎知晓率最低(46.88%)。23.24%的医生了解经验性疗法治疗慢性咳嗽;治疗药物中促胃动力药物治疗胃食管反流相关咳嗽的知晓率最低(8.19%)。市区硕士及以上学历的全科医生,明显多于郊区(P<0.001)。学习过咳嗽指南,参加过培训和了解慢性咳嗽经验性疗法的全科医生,高级职称和年龄≥50岁的比例最高(P均<0.05)。结论上海市基层全科医生对慢性咳嗽认知比率低,缺乏对慢性咳嗽的相关知识,应重点加强对慢性咳嗽的诊断、常用药物、常见病因、经验性疗法方面的培训,尤其是青年医生及职称低的医生,并注重提高郊区全科医生的学历。     

The Nexus Narcolepsy Registry: methodology,study population characteristics,and patterns and predictors of narcolepsy diagnosis

Objective/backgroundThe real-world experience of people with narcolepsy is not well understood.Patients/methodsThe Nexus Narcolepsy Registry (NCT02769780) is a longitudinal, web-based patient registry of self-reported data from adults with physician-diagnosed narcolepsy. Surveys were electronically distributed every 6 months; the current analysis reports registry population demographics, narcolepsy diagnosis journey, and predictors of diagnostic delays.ResultsThe registry population included in this analysis (N = 1024) was predominantly female (85%) and White (92%), with a mean age of 37.7 years. Most participants had education/training beyond high school (93%). Mean (median) reported ages at narcolepsy symptom onset, first consultation for symptoms, and narcolepsy diagnosis were 18.1 (16), 26.4 (24), and 30.1 (28) years, respectively. A majority (59%) of participants reported ≥1 misdiagnosis, and 29% reported consulting ≥5 physicians before narcolepsy diagnosis. More than half (56%) of participants’ first consultations for narcolepsy symptoms were with a general practitioner, whereas the diagnosing clinician was usually a sleep specialist (64%) or neurologist (27%). Pediatric symptom onset was associated with a longer mean interval to first consultation than adult symptom onset (10.7 and 4.6 years, respectively; P < 0.001) and a longer mean interval between first consultation and diagnosis (4.5 and 2.2 years, respectively; P < 0.001). Overall, mean (95% CI) time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 11.8 (11.1–12.5) years.ConclusionsThe Nexus Narcolepsy Registry data indicate that onset of narcolepsy symptoms frequently occurs in childhood or adolescence. In many individuals, the diagnostic process is long and involves multiple physicians and frequent misdiagnosis.     

机器学习算法在麻醉领域的应用

人工智能在医疗领域的应用逐步推动医疗变革,机器学习算法融入麻醉领域对于进一步提升麻醉发展意义重大。为了解机器学习算法在麻醉领域的应用现况及推动相关研究进展,本文总结了机器学习在围手术期麻醉管理和预测术后并发症方面的应用、基本概念和研究现状,指出了目前机器学习算法在医疗领域的不足之处。     

Bloqueo ecoguiado bajo el músculo multífido para el dolor postoperatorio tras cirugía de columna lumbar: serie prospectiva de casos

We describe a series of 15 patients scheduled for single level lumbar spine decompression with instrumentation receiving ultrasound (US) guided submultifidus block (SMFB). In this series, injections of local anesthetic deep to the multifidus muscle provided reliable block of dorsal rami of spinal nerves at multiple levels. With US, the multifidus muscle can be identified both in axial and parasagittal planes. Needle tip is easily visualized beneath the multifidus and medial to the transverse process. Good quality analgesia was documented by pain scores. There were no adverse events. Further studies are needed to compare this nerve block with routine multimodal analgesia or with the recently described thoracolumbar interfascial plane block to compare safety and analgesic efficacy.     

How we make choices and sacrifices in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

In this commentary, we highlight some of the pressing choices and sacrifices we must make in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.